A novel adjuvant, a mixture of alum and the general opioid antagonist naloxone, elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses for heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine

Jazani, N.H and Sohrabpour, M and Mazloomi, E and Shahabi, SH (2011) A novel adjuvant, a mixture of alum and the general opioid antagonist naloxone, elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses for heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 61 (1). pp. 54-62.

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Abstract

In the current study, we tested the efficacy of the mixture of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, and alum, as a new adjuvant, in the induction of humoral and cellular immunity in response to heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST) as a model vaccine. BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. Mice in the experimental groups received either the HKST vaccine alone or in combination with the adjuvant alum, naloxone or the alum–naloxone mixture. Mice in the negative control group received phosphate-buffered saline. All mice were immunized two times on days 0 and 14. Two weeks after the last immunization, immune responses to S. typhimurium were assessed. Our results indicated that the administration of the alum–naloxone mixture as an adjuvant increased the ability of the HKST vaccine to enhance lymphocyte proliferation, shifted the immune response towards a T-helper 1 (Th1) pattern and increased S. typhimurium-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG2a, IgG1 and the ratio of IgG2a to IgG1. This resulted in improved protective immunity against S. typhimurium. In conclusion, the administration of the alum–naloxone mixture as an adjuvant, in combination with the HKST vaccine, can enhance both humoral and cellular immunity and shift the immune responses to a Th1 pattern

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