EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC UTILIZATION PATTERN FOR NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED AT MOTAHARI HOSPITAL: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Diarrhea is a major health problem in developing countries; and on a global scale, it is
the most common cause of death after heart diseases and cancer in many populations. Gastroenteritis is a
symptom of the gastrointestinal infection (GI) which is caused by pathogenic bacterial, viral or parasitic
infections. In some centers, without complete diagnostic tests to approve bacterial infection, antibiotics are
prescribed; and antibiotic therapy is stopped after diagnosing non-bacterial infection. Antibiotics should not
be prescribed arbitrarily without medical indications due to complications associated with antibiotic therapy,
such as antibiotic-resistant strains that would create problems in the future treatment of diseases resistant to
antibiotic treatment. The current study was conducted to investigate the pattern of antibiotic usage for
nonbacterial (viral) gastroenteritis in patients hospitalized at Motahari Hospital
Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study, all the information was collected from the available
medical records in Hospital archives and the results are presented by tables and the average frequency graphs.
Children were divided into three age groups (6 months to 3 years - 3 years to 5 years - over 5 years). Data
from the medical records of patients including demographic characteristics, duration of diarrhea, fever,
clinical symptoms, the results of laboratory tests (analysis, stool cultures, biochemistry, urine analysis) and
the antibiotics prescribed in the instructions sheet were all recorded and the related data were analyzed using
SPSS.
Results: Of 104 patients, 81 patients (77.9%) were six months to three years and 16 patients (15.4%) were
three years to five years, and 7 patients (6.7%) were over five years. Sixty patients (57.7%) were males and
44 patients (42.3%) were female. Most patients were male and aged six months to one year (49 patients).
Ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic and 83 patients (79.8%) received it, and 6 patients
(5.8%) received ceftizoxime, and 15 patients (14.4) did not receive any antibiotic. The maximum length of
hospital stay and antibiotic therapy was 9 days. However, with stool, urine and blood tests being normal, the
fever of age groups were 45%, 35%, and 32%, respectively.
Conclusion: In order to avoid imposing additional costs and to prevent microbial resistance in diarrhea, it is
recommended and urged to prescribe antibiotic for suitable and necessary cases based on laboratory results
(culture, stool analysis tests), since the major cause of gastroenteritis is viral infection