Major dietary patterns in relation to preeclampsia among Iranian pregnant women: a case–control study

Abbasi, R and Alizadeh, M and Bakhshimoghaddam, F (2019) Major dietary patterns in relation to preeclampsia among Iranian pregnant women: a case–control study. THE JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE. pp. 1-9.

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Abstract

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder that increases the risk of prenatal and mater- nal complications. Therefore, prevention of preeclampsia requires identifying its preventable risk factors such as dietary patterns. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the major dietary patterns and preeclampsia. Study design: In this case–control study, the dietary patterns of a total of 510 pregnant women were investigated. Data on their dietary intake, sociodemographics, and daily physical activity levels were collected using a 198 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, a socio- demographic questionnaire, and a physical activity questionnaire, respectively. To identify the major dietary patterns and to model the relationship between dietary patterns and preeclamp- sia, factor analysis and unconditional logistic regression were employed, respectively. The three major dietary patterns identified were as follows: healthy dietary pattern (i.e. high in fruits, low- fat dairy, dried fruits, nuts, vegetables, fruit juice, liquid oil, and tomatoes), western dietary pat- tern (i.e. high in red meat, processed meat, fried potatoes, and pickles), and Iranian traditional dietary pattern (i.e. high in eggs, potatoes, and legumes). Results: After adjustment for confounding factors, we found that with an increase in the healthy dietary pattern score, the odds of preeclampsia were reduced to 87.5% (OR¼ 0.125, 95%CI: 0.070–0.221, p< .001); with an increase in the western dietary pattern score, the odds of pree- clampsia were increased 5.99 times (OR¼ 5.99, 95%CI: 3.414–10.53, p< .001); and with an increase in the Iranian traditional dietary pattern score, the odds of preeclampsia were reduced to 81.7% (OR¼ 0.183, 95%CI: 0.109–0.308, p< .001). Conclusion: The findings showed that the western dietary pattern had a direct relationship and the healthy and Iranian traditional patterns had a reverse relationship with preeclampsi

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