Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in school aged children the role of personal and parents related socio-economic and educational factors

Nocturnal enuresis is a common psychosocial concern for both parents and children. In the present
study we have determined the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in Urmia, Iran children and associated
personal and familial factors with this problem.
Methods: A cross sectional epidemiological study for detection of nocturnal enuresis prevalence rate and
evaluation of associated familial and personal factors in elementary school children (7-11 years old) from
Urmia were investigated. The subjects were selected by cluster sampling method. Chi square test and logistic
regression were used in univariate and multivariate respectively.
Findings: Of the 1600 questionnaires distributed, 918 (57%) were completed and included in the final
analysis. The rest, which were not filled by parents and also those out of our study age range were excluded.
Gender of the subjects was almost equally distributed (48.6% males and 51.4% females). Prevalence of
nocturnal enuresis was 18.7% (n=172) and prevalence of day time incontinence was 5.5% (n=51). There was
no significant gender difference between these two groups. Enuretics had crowded families, positive family
history, low educational level of parents, jobless father, working mother, single parent, poor school
performance, positive history of urinary tract infection (UTI).
Conclusion: Our results with enuresis prevalence and associated factors were comparable to other
epidemiological studies from various countries. We found that Iranian families do not pay sufficient attention
to their enuretic children.