RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS' ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Adolescence is a period associated with the highest risk for developing drug
problems and the risk of transmission from substance use to abuse. This study aimed to investigate the
risk and protective factors of alcohol and substance abuse among high school adolescents.
Materials & Methods: This research was a descriptive analytical study of correlation type. The study
population were second grade high school students in Urmia. The study included 367 students who were
selected using cluster random sampling in terms of region, gender, major, and academic year. Data were
collected using demographic information questionnaire and Substance Abuse Subtle Screening
Inventory-Adolescent Version-2.
Results: The results showed that masculinity, poor education, large number of friends and smoking are
among risk factors, and femininity, academic achievement, the amount of time parents spend with their
children, and the amount of time children spend with their parents are among the protective factors
against alcohol and substance abuse. Other factors such as exercise, region of residence, mother’s
employment, type of housing, family income, and parental education play no role in alcohol and
substance abuse among students.
Conclusion: These findings provide valuable information about high-risk groups and those who plan to
offer drug-reduction programs and drug addiction prevention programs.