Esophageal cancer in northwestern Iran

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent and serious cancers worldwide, but its geographic
distribution is disparate. Northern Iran is known as one of the hot spots for EC, but there is inadequate evidence available
regarding its characteristics in northwestern region of Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to describe some demographic
and histopathologic features of EC in this region of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 166 hospital referral patients
from a hospital in the northwestern region of Iran who underwent endoscopic biopsy for the chief complaint of dysphagia
or odynophagia, and were admitted with the pathologic diagnosis of esophageal cancer during 3 years were enrolled in
this study. RESULTS: The mean age of the patient was 61.8 ± 12.0 years old. Male/female ratio was 0.84. With respect
to the site of tumor, tumor was located in cervical esophagus in 7 cases (4.2%), upper thoracic in 5 patients (3%),
middle thoracic in 64 patients (38.6%), lowers thoracic in 68 cases (41%), and cardia in 22 cases (13.2%). There was a
significant difference among the site of tumor in different age groups (P = 0.021) and different sex groups (P = 0.001). In
men, EC usually involves the lower parts, whereas in women it usually involves the upper parts of esophagus. Squamous
cell carcinoma was the most common type of EC in all age groups, but the prevalence rate of adenocarcinoma seems
to increase with age (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Demographic and histopathologic pattern of esophageal cancer in
northwestern region of Iran is different from its histopathologic pattern in western countries in accordance with other
reports from Golestan province in north-eastern region of Iran.