Angiogenic effect of the aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and granulation tissue in rat

Cynodon dactylon, a valuable medicinal plant, is widely used in Iranian folk medicine for the
treatment of various cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and atherosclerosis. Moreover, its anti-diabetic,
anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties have been also reported. Concerning the critical role of angiogenesis in
the incidence and progression of tumors and also its protective role in cardiovascular diseases, we investigated the
effects of the aqueous extract prepared from the rhizomes of C. dactylon on vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF) expressions in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and also on angiogenesis in carrageenan
induced air-pouch model in rats.
Methods: In the air-pouch model, carrageenan was injected into an air-pouch on the back of the rats and following
an IV injection of carmine red dye on day 6, granulation tissue was processed for the assessment of the dye
content. Furthermore, in an in vitro study, angiogenic property of the extract was assessed through its effect on
VEGF expression in HUVECs.
Results: Oral administration of 400 mg/kg/day of the extract significantly increased angiogenesis (p < 0.05) and
markedly decreased neutrophil (p < 0.05) and total leukocyte infiltration (p < 0.001) into the granulation tissues.
Moreover, the extract increased the expression of total VEGF in HUVECs at a concentration of (100 μl/ml).
Conclusion: The present study showed that the aqueous extract of C. dactylon promotes angiogenesis probably
through stimulating VEGF expression