Spatial distribution and epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southwest of Iran

Introduction: Leishmaniasis, as a major health concern exists in 14 out of 22 countries of
the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Therefore, the aim of present investigation was to evaluate the epidemiological features and spatial distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) during six
consecutive years (2009–2014).
Material and methods: In current retrospective cross-sectional study among 2009–2014, simple
direct smear was taken from all suspicious CL subjects who referred to health centers affiliated
to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. For each patient a questionnaire including
some demographic details was filled. Eventually data analysis was done by SPSS.16.
Results: Trend of CL in the region was unstable. Spatial distribution of CL in central and west
cities was higher than in others. During the years, a total of 4137 smear positive individuals were
diagnosed. Of these 55.7% lived in urban and 44.3% lived in rural districts. Frequency of CL
was higher in men (60.1%) than in women (39.9%). Also based on age range, 11–30 was the most
afflicted group (45.7%). Anatomic location of ulcers was as follows: hands 45.7%, feet 27.4%, face
19.1% and other places 7.8%.
Conclusions: Regarding high incidence of CL in southwest of Iran, special programs related to vector and reservoir control should be adopted and implemented. Traffic control of immigrants and
travelers from neighboring endemic countries, also can be helpful