Epidemiology and clinical features of infective endocarditis: A retrospective study of 57 patients in a tertiary university hospital in Iran

Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening infectious disease. In order to define the epidemiologic characteristics
of infective endocarditis in our region, we studied infective endocarditis cases over a 7-year period in tertiary teaching and referral
hospitals.
Materials and Methods: Medical records of all hospitalized patients diagnosed with IE at teaching hospitals of Urmia University of
Medical Sciences, Iran, from 2009 to 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who met the modified Duke criteria for definite or
possible IE were included.
Results: The study included 57 patients (35 males, 22 females; mean age 40 years) who were diagnosed as having definite IE, according
to the modified Duke criteria. 15 cases (26.31%) had Rheumatic heart diseases, 12 cases (21.06%) had End Stage Renal Disease, 6
cases (10.53%) had Congenital Heart Disease, 10 cases (17.54%) had Injection Drug User and 14 cases (24.57%) had no significant
cardiac disease. The primary clinical manifestations that were observed included 48 cases with fever (84.2%), 35 cases with anemia
(61.4%) and 6 cases (11.1%) with altered mental status. Of the total 57 patients, blood cultures were positive in 52 (64.91%) of cases.
the leading causative microorganism were Staphylococcus aureus, isolated in 19 cases (51.35%), followed by Gram negative bacilli in
6 cases (16.22%) and Streptococcus spp. in 12 cases (32.43%). In-hospital death 0ccurred in 9 patients (16.7%).
Conclusion: Changes in IE profile required continuous epidemiological updates. In this study, IE were most common in men.
Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus spp. Remain the most common etiologic agents. ESRD and IDU was important predisposing
factors for IE