Apoptotic Effects of Mucin1 Aptamer-Conjugated Nanoparticles Containing Docetaxel and c-Met siRNA on SKBR3 Human Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells

Apoptosis is a crucial process in the failure of cancer progression. However, the occurrence of resistance to
chemotherapy in cancer cells may prevent apoptosis via induction of the expression of the anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2) and/or re-
duction of the expression of the apoptotic caspases.
Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the apoptotic effects of targeted co-delivery of docetaxel and cMet siRNA
(siMet) through mucin1 aptamer-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles on mucin1 + metastatic breast cancer cells (SKBR3).
Methods: Characterization of nano-drugs,Western blotting assay, annexin V/ propidium iodide staining assay, and gene expression
studies were evaluated based on metastatic breast cancer cells.
Results: Characterization showed the appropriate size (110.5 ± 3.9 nm), zeta potential (11.6 ± 0.8 mV), and spherical shape of
nanoparticles. Loading efficiency of 90.7% and 88.3% were gained for siRNA and docetaxel, respectively. The siRNA entrapment
onto nanoparticles and conjugation of aptamers to nanoparticles were confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Gene knockdown assay
represented the effectiveness of siMet on cMet gene silencing. According to the flow cytometry results, targeted co-delivery was suc-
cessful in leading tumor cells to apoptosis (94.9%). Also, targeted co-delivery could reduce the expression of Bcl-2 gene (P < 0.0001)
and increase the expression of caspase-8 and caspase-9 genes (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Combination treatment of metastatic breast cancer cells with aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles containing doc-
etaxel and cMet siRNA significantly increased apoptosis