A novel adjuvant, the mixture of alum and naltrexone, augments vaccine-induced immunity against Plasmodium berghei

The excreted-secreted antigens (ESA) from the tachyzoites seem to play a key role in immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. The
aim of this study is to investigate whether Alum-NLT mixture, as a new adjuvant, can induce humoral immunity in response to excretedsecreted
antigens (ESA) of Toxoplasma gondii as a model vaccine or not.
Methods: Six- to eight-week-old female Balb/c mice were divided into five groups. Mice in the experimental groups received either ESA
vaccine alone or in combination with the adjuvant Alum, NLT or Alum-NLT mixture; Mice in the negative control group received phosphate
buffered saline (PBS). All mice were immunised, three times subcutaneously (s.c.) with a total volume of 150μl each with a 10-day interval.
Ten days after the final immunisation, immune response to Toxoplasma gondii was assessed.
Results: Our results revealed that Alum-NLT mixture as an adjuvant during vaccination boosts the efficacy of the ESA vaccine by means of
increasing Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG, IgG2a production and the ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 (P-value < 0.05). The use of this adjuvant mixture
improved the protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii