Laser application in periodontics

The use of lasers for treatment has become a common phenomenon
in the medical field. Currently, numerous laser systems are available for dental use.
The use of lasers for periodontal treatment becomes more complicated because the
periodontium consists of both hard and soft tissues.
Methods: Related articles were gathered and selected carefully and reviewed. Among
the many lasers available, high power lasers such as Carbon Dioxide Laser (CO2),
Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG) and diode lasers can be
used in periodontics. The use of these lasers is limited to gingivectomy, frenectomy
and similar soft tissue procedures including the removal of melanin pigmentation
of gingiva. Recently, Erbium: Yttrium Aluminium Garnet(Er:YAG) and Erbium,
Chromium doped Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers are used
for scaling, root debridement, cutting, shaving, contouring and resection of oral
osseous tissues.
Results: In addition to their surgical applications, low-level lasers such as Er:YAG
laser irradiation promotes osteoblast proliferation showing higher and favorable
bone tissue regeneration. These findings suggest faster bone tissue healing following
periodontal and peri-implant low level laser therapy.
Conclusion: Advantages of laser treatment in periodontics are effective and efficient
soft and hard tissue ablation with a greater hemostasis, bactericidal effect, minimal
wound contraction, faster bone tissue healing, minimal collateral damages along
with reduced use of local analgesia